Investigation and analysis on the living habits of young and middle-aged patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer in Nanjing / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the potential association between particular living habits and recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU), and provide some references for RAU prevention among the young and middle⁃aged. @*Methods@#The mul⁃ tistage random sampling method was adopted to select 850 young and middle⁃aged people in Nanjing. The disease sta⁃ tus and living habits of young and middle⁃aged people with RAU in Nanjing were investigated by a questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*Results@# The preva⁃ lence of RAU was 20.5% among 799 individuals, including 357 men and 442 women. The risk of RAU at medium and low stress levels was 0.533 times and 0.419 times that at high stress levels, respectively (P < 0.05), indicating that high stress was an independent risk factor for RAU. The risk of RAU in patients with low exercise levels was 1.513 times that in patients with high exercise levels (P < 0.05), indicating that high exercise levels were a protective factor for RAU. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, smoking, drinking or bedtime (P > 0.05). @*Conclu⁃ sion@#Multivariate logistic regression showed that mental stress and physical activity were independent influencing fac⁃ tors for the development of RAU. The living habits of RAU patients and RAU susceptible populations should be treated with corresponding interventions to prevent RAU.

Effect of alcohol use on emergency department length of stay among minimally injured patients based on mechanism of injury: multicenter observational study

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol use on emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) among minimally injured patients by mechanism of injury. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of injury surveillance data for injured patients (except poisoning), aged over 18 years, discharged home from the ED, and treated at seven academic EDs in Korea during 2008 to 2012. Patients were divided into alcohol-related and alcohol-unrelated groups based on self-report. We used multivariable quantile regression models for the analysis and adjusted covariates including age, sex, consciousness status, severity of injury, emergency medical service use, the season, day and time of visit, and hospital. To determine if there were different effects of alcohol use across mechanism of injury, all analyses were stratified by each mechanism. RESULTS: Among 192,200 patients, 95,807 patients were analyzed. The number of participants in the alcohol-related group was 16,249 (17.0%). In the multivariable quantile regression model, the alcohol-related group had significantly longer ED LOS at the 10th (7 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 8), 50th (21 minutes; 95% CI, 19 to 23), and 90th (81 minutes; 95% CI, 74 to 87) percentiles when compared to the alcohol-unrelated group. The effect of alcohol use on increased ED LOS was most prominent in motor vehicle injuries. CONCLUSION: We found that alcohol use was associated with increased emergency ED LOS. Furthermore, if we limited our attention to the effect of alcohol use on the number of patients, the burden of alcohol use on the ED would have been underestimated.

Actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios / Physical activity and tobacco and alcohol use in a group of university students

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. Metodología Con una muestra de 548 estudiantes del área socio-sanitaria (431 mujeres y 117 hombres, edad media: 20 años DT: 2,3) se aplicó la versión abreviada del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física y una encuesta sobre hábitos de vida, para obtener información relacionada con el consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo. Se calcularon el índice de actividad física, los niveles de actividad, porcentaje de tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Se aplicó la prueba V de Cramer para establecer asociación entre variables, la prueba t para evaluar las diferencias de actividad física en función del género y la prueba Brown Forsythe en función de la titulación. Resultados El 80 % de los estudiantes se clasificaron como regularmente activos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre Índice de Actividad Física, género (p=0,0) y titulación (p=0,038). La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue del 33 % y de consumo de alcohol fue del 58 %; sin diferencias significativas entre género. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones Un porcentaje alto de estudiantes practican actividad física de forma regular. Sin embargo, una parte de ellos no alcanza el parámetro mínimo para obtener beneficios en la salud. El porcentaje de consumo de alcohol y tabaquismo fue elevado. Se requiere implementar programas de promoción de hábitos saludables en universitarios, específicamente hacia la optimización de la práctica deportiva, la prevención y disminución del tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol.

Objective Determining the prevalence of physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol in a group of university students studying in the social-health sciences' area. Methodology A shortened version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used with a sample of 548 students from the social-health sciences area (431 females and 117 males, average 20 years old: 2.3 SD) and a survey about living habits for obtaining information related to drinking alcohol and smoking. The physical activity index, activity levels, percentage of smoking and drinking alcohol were all calculated. The Cramer's V coefficient was used for establishing an association between variables, the t-test for evaluating differences in physical activity regarding gender and the Brown Forsythe test concerning qualifications. Results 80 % of the students were classified as being regularly active. Significant differences were found between the Physical Activity Index, gender (p=0.0) and qualifications (p=0.038). Smoking prevalence was 33 % and drinking alcohol 58 %, no significant differences being found regarding gender. No significant associations were found between physical activity, smoking and drinking alcohol. Conclusions A high percentage of students regularly took part in physical activity. However, some of them did not reach the minimum parameters for obtaining health-related benefits. The percentage of students consuming alcohol and smoking was high. Programs must be implemented for promoting healthy habits in university students, specifically aimed at optimizing taking part in sports and preventing and reducing smoking and drinking alcohol.

Factores psicosociales asociados al consumo de sustancias en estudiantes de una universidad pública / Public university students' psychosocial factors associated with legal and illegal substance consumption

Objetivo Determinar prevalencia y factores psicosociales asociados al consumo de sustancias legales e ilegales en estudiantes de una universidad pública. Método Estudio de tipo transversal realizado con 1359 estudiantes, seleccionados aleatoriamente. El instrumento de recolección incluyó el VESPA, CAGE, y las escalas de WHO, Rosemberg, Francis y APGAR. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado a través de razones de disparidad, con intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento y error del 5 por ciento; análisis multivariado por medio de regresión logística, utilizando el programa Statistical Package Socials Sciencies (SPSS). Resultados Se encontró asociación entre el consumo abusivo de alcohol con el consumo de cigarrillos (OR=4,6), marihuana (OR=4,6) y cocaína (OR=2,2). El tener familias disfuncionales se asoció con el consumo de cigarrillo (OR=1,2), cocaína (OR=1,95) y consumo abusivo de alcohol (OR=1,94). Conclusiones El consumo abusivo de alcohol y la disfuncionalidad familiar son factores influyentes para el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en estudiantes universitarios.

Objective Determining the prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with public university students' legal and illegal substance consumption. Method This was across-sectional study of 1,359 randomly selected students. The harvesting instrument included the CAGE questionnaire and VESPA,WHO, Rosenberg, Francis and APGAR scales. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for univariate and bivariate analysis using disparity ratios (95 percent confidence intervals and 5 percent error) whilst logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results An association was found between abusive alcohol consumption and smoking cigarettes (OR=4.6), marijuana (OR=4.6) and using cocaine (OR=2.2); having a dysfunctional family was associated with smoking cigarettes (OR=1.2), using cocaine (OR=1.95) and abusive alcohol consumption (OR=1.94). Conclusions Abusive alcohol consumption and having a dysfunctional family were influential factors regarding psychoactive substance consumption in public university students.

Consumo de alcohol y tabaco en escolares y adolescentes de Tunja, Colombia, 2009 / Children and adolescents' alcohol and tobacco consumption in Tunja, Colombia, 2009

Objetivo Caracterizar, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol y los factores psicosociales de riesgo y de protección para el consumo en estudiantes de Secundaria/Media Académica o Técnica de Tunja durante el año 2009. Métodos Estudio de prevalencia. Se evaluaron la prevalencia y factores determinantes del consumo en una muestra de 1 515 escolares de entre 13 y 18 años de edad matriculados en los grados 8° a 11°. Resultados Media de edad 15,2 años (SD=1,42); 50,2 por ciento mujeres; prevalencia de vida: bebidas alcohólicas 73,47 por ciento, embriaguez 51,68 por ciento, cigarrillos 50,56 por ciento. Principales determinantes del consumo: familia disfuncional, presión e influencia de pares y grupo, dificultades académicas, conflictos con padres o tutores. Edad media de inicio: período transicional entre los 12 y los 13 años. Se reporta casi absoluta libertad para acceder a las bebidas alcohólicas y a los cigarrillos. Conclusiones Se encuentra que la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol y tabaco es bastante alta en este grupo de edad, además que los determinantes asociados son factores susceptibles de intervenciones educativas que deben considerarse prioritarias, en particular las que tienen que ver con el ambiente familiar y el grupo de pares, dada la enorme influencia que los compañeros y miembros de colectivos deportivos o recreacionales pueden tener sobre los adolescentes de este grupo de edad.

Objective Characterising tobacco and alcohol consumption, the linked psychosocial risk factors and protection factors in a sample of secondary / technical students in Tunja during 2009. Methods A prevalence study was carried out, assessing consumption prevalence and determinants in a sample of 1,515 schoolchildren aged 13 to 18 who were studying in grades 8 to 11. Results Mean age was 15.2 years (SD=1.42), 50.2 percent were female; life prevalence: 73.5 percent alcohol and 50.6 percent cigarette consumption, 51.7 percent drunkenness. Main consumption determinants were having a dysfunctional family, peer pressure and influence from partners, academic difficulties and conflicts with parents or guardians. Mean age at onset: transitional period between 12 and 13 years. Complete freedom of access to alcoholic beverages and cigarettes was reported. Conclusions It was found that alcohol and tobacco consumption frequency was quite high in this age group. Related factors were also determinant as they are subject to educational intervention and should be considered as a priority, particularly those related to the family environment and peer group, given the enormous influence exerted by friends and members of recreational or sports team groups on adolescents at this age.

Consumo patológico de alcohol entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Cartagena, 2008 / Pathological alcohol consumption amongst students from the University of Cartagena, 2008

Objetivos Determinar la frecuencia del consumo patológico de alcohol y caracterizar las variables relacionadas con el consumo entre los estudiantes de los programas diurnos y presenciales de la Universidad de Cartagena. Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra fue de 1 031 estudiantes de los programas diurnos y presenciales de la Universidad de Cartagena, los cuales fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente por un muestreo estratificado proporcional, quienes respondieron un Cuestionario de auto reporte que incluyó el cuestionario Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Se utilizo análisis univariado y los estimadores generados se calcularon tendiendo en cuenta los factores de expansión correspondientes al diseño muestral, utilizando el programa Stata 9.1®. Resultados El 34,5 por ciento de los estudiantes presentaron consumo de riesgo, perjudicial o dependencia, principalmente los hombres con un 41,1 por ciento. El consumo actual fue de 83,6 por ciento. La edad de inicio más frecuente fue de 15 a 16 años con el 38 por ciento. Dentro de los problemas reportados se encuentran los físicos 58 por ciento, relaciones sexuales sin protección 19 por ciento y los problemas familiares 12 por ciento. Conclusiones Coherente con lo informado en otros estudios, se encontró que el consumo de alcohol entre los universitarios es alto al igual que el consumo de riesgo o perjudicial, en especial en los estudiantes varones, con características de consumo de baja frecuencia y grandes cantidades (5 tragos o más por ocasión).

Objective Determining the frequency of pathological alcohol consumption and characterising the variables related to such consumption in students taking daytime programmes at the University of Cartagena. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was used; 1,031 students from daytime programmes at the University of Cartagena participated in it (480 males and 551 females). They were selected by randomly sampling responses to a questionnaire which included the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Stata 9.1 software was used for single variable analysis. Results 34.5 percent of the students displayed a high risk of consumption, mainly males (41.1 percent). Total consumption was 83.6 percent, median age for the most frequent consumption was 15/16 (38 percent), beer being the preferred drink (65 percent). Reported problems included alcohol poisoning (68 percent), physical ailments (58 percent), light headedness (30 percent), having sex without protection (19 percent) and family problems (12 percent). Conclusions Alcohol consumption amongst college students was high, as was their tendency to consume dangerous quantities, mainly males having low-consumption characteristics (once a month or less) but consuming large amounts (5 drinks or more) on such occasions.

Study on the correlation between Parkinson's disease and living habits / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between Parkinson's disease(PD) and living habits.Methods 114 PD cases from ongoing PD prevalence survey in Beijing region and the neurological clinic center of Beijing Union Hospital and 205 controls matched on gender, race and residence were recruited in this study. Through in-person questionnaire interview, general data and living habits such as smoking, tea drinking and alcohol drinking were obtained and analyzed by population-based case control study.Results We observed reduced risk for PD in smokers(OR:0.538; 95%CI: 0.290, 0.998) and tea-drinkers(OR:0.199; 95%CI:0.114,0.346). There was no significant correlation between alcohol drinking and PD.Conclusion An inverse correlation exists in PD with smoking or tea drinking except for alcohol drinking.